Question A firefly glows by the  direct conversion of chemical energy to light. The light emitted by a firefly has peak intensity at a wavelength of 550 nm. a. What is the minimum chemical energy, in eV, required to generate each photon? b. One molecule of ATP provides 0.30 eV of energy when it is metabolized in a cell. What is the minimum number of ATP molecules that must be consumed in the reactions that lead to the emission of one photon of 550 nm light?  

Fixed costs Selling price per unit Variable costs per unit 200,000 120 80 Compute: Break - even in units Break even in dollars Fixed costs Selling price per unit Variable costs per unit 150,000 2,000 500 Compute: Break - even in units Break even in dollars Fixed costs Selling price per unit Variable costs per unit 250,000 1,250 250 Compute: Break even in units Break even in dollars Net income Contribution margin per unit Selling price per unit Units sold 200,000 1,000 2,500 2,000 Compute: Break even in units Break even in dollars Net income Contribution margin per unit Sales Units sold 500,000 2,000 6,000,000 2,000 Compute: Break even in units Break even in dollars Net income Contribution margin per unit Units sold Variable costs 600,000 600 2000 400,000 Compute: Break even in units Break even in dollars Contribution margin ratio Selling price per unit Units sold Fixed costs 60% 2,000 2,000 240,000 Compute: Break even in units Break even in dollars Contribution margin ratio Selling price per unit Units sold 20% 50 2,000 Compute: Break even in units Break even in dollars 100,000 100 Fixed costs Selling price per unit Variable costs per unit Desired net income Compute: Required sales in units to earn desired Required sales in $$ to earn desired net 20 50,000 Fixed costs Selling price per unit Variable costs per unit Desired net income 200,000 500 100 100,000 Compute: Break even in units Break even in $$ Required sales in units to earn desired Required sales in $$ to earn desired net Fixed costs Contribution margin ratio Desired net income 100,000 40% 200,000 Compute: Break even in $$ Required sales in $$ to earn desired net Fixed costs Variable costs as a % of sales Desired net income 400,000 20% 500,000 Compute: Break even in $$ Required sales in $$ to earn desired net Fixed costs Variable costs as a % of sales Current net income Desired net income 300,000 20% 500,000 1,000,000 Compute: Break even in $$ Current sales in $$ Required sales in $$ to earn desired net

You are a proctor for a Data Science exam, and just gave a test to 15 students. You want to get an idea for the true standard deviation of the scores, using the scores you just recieved. Assume that the underlying score population is normally distributed. scores = c(53.62, 69.2, 81.96, 40.62, 76.24, 99.78, 94.49, 71.6, 76.95, 37.68, 37.59, 59.22, 92.44, 81.22, 63.74) Part A) Using the data stored in the variable scores , calculate a 95% confidence interval for the standard deviation of the data. Your confidence interval should be two tailed, and cut off an equal proportion of area on each side. Save the lower value as p1.lower and the upper value as p1. upper . Round your answers to two decimal places. # your code here p1.upper = NA p1.lower = NA alpha = 0.05

It's Halloween, and Ralphie has 6 large bags, each filled with a combination of 4 different kinds of candy. Each bag should have an approximately equal amounts of each flavor. But, being a buffalo, Ralphie is not sure that she spread the candy out evenly. She has asked your help to determine whether the proportions of flavors within each bag is the same. Each bag contains hundreds of pieces of candy, so we can't count them all by hand. Instead, you take a sample of 50 pieces from each bag. The table below displays the counts of each type of candy within each sample of 50 pieces: Candy A Candy B Candy C Candy D Bag 1 14 18 11 6 Bag 2 10 20 12 9 Bag 3 13 14 15 8 Bag 4 15 15 10 10 Bag 5 11 17 13 9 Bag 6 11 14 14 11 Part B) Determine whether the proportions of candy are equal by solving for the p-value of the appropriate test. Save your answer as p2.b. Round your answer to three decimal places. # your code here p2.b = NA Part E) After some thinking, Ralphie has changed her mind and believes that the candies actually follow the below proportions: PA = 0.25 PB = 0.35 Pc = 0.25 PD = 0.25 At a significance level of a = 0.05, determine if your observed samples agree with Ralphie's newly proposed proportions. Save the p-value of your calculations as p2.e.pval. Round this answer to three decimal places. Into variable p2.e, save TRUE if your data does agree with the new proportions, or FALSE if it does not. # your code here p2.e = NA p2.e.pval = NA

It's Halloween, and Ralphie has 6 large bags, each filled with a combination of 4 different kinds of candy. Each bag should have an approximately equal amounts of each flavor. But, being a buffalo, Ralphie is not sure that she spread the candy out evenly. She has asked your help to determine whether the proportions of flavors within each bag is the same. Each bag contains hundreds of pieces of candy, so we can't count them all by hand. Instead, you take a sample of 50 pieces from each bag. The table below displays the counts of each type of candy within each sample of 50 pieces: Candy A Candy B Candy C Candy D Bag 1 14 18 11 6 Bag 2 10 20 12 9 13 14 15 8 Bag 3 Bag 4 15 15 10 10 Bag 5 11 17 13 9 Bag 6 11 14 14 11 Part B) Determine whether the proportions of candy are equal by solving for the p-value of the appropriate test. Save your answer as p2.b. Round your answer to three decimal places # your code here p2.b = NA Part E) After some thinking, Ralphie has changed her mind and believes that the candies actually follow the below proportions: PA = 0.25 PR = 0.35 Pc = 0.25 PD = 0.25 At a significance level of a = 0.05, determine if your observed samples agree with Ralphie's newly proposed proportions. Save the p-value of your calculations as p2.e.pval. Round this answer to three decimal places. Into variable p2.e, save TRUE if your data does agree with the new proportions, or FALSE if it does not. # your code here p2.e = NA p2.e.pval = NA

Use a triple integral to find the volume of the tetrahedron T bounded by the planes x + 2y + z = 2, x = 2y, x = 0 and z = 0.

Problem 1: Logistic Regression Basics - Odds and Ends a) What is the equivalent odds for the probability 0.25? b) You are testing a new drug and have gathered binary data on whether the drug performed its desired effects. From the control trial, 102 people saw improvement with a placebo and 241 did not. With the drug, 67 people saw improvement and 82 did not. What is the odds ratio of these results? c) You've decided to determine the probability of a picture containing an animal on social media. On 6 different days, you look at 10 random pictures and record the number of pictures that contain at least one animal, and get the values {6,10,7,9,5,9}. Given these results, what is the MLE for the probability of a picture containing an animal?