Suppose that there is a credit market imperfection due to asymmetric information. In the economy, a fraction b of consumers consists of lenders, who each receive an endowment of y units of the consumption good in the current period and 0 units in the future period. A fraction 1-b of consumers are borrowers who each receive an endowment of 0 units in the current period and y units in the future period. The government sets G = G', and each consumer is asked to pay a lump-sum tax of t in the current period and t' in the future period.
(a) If borrowing is allowed, write down the government's budget constraint.
(b) Following Part a), suppose that the government decreases t and increases t' in such a way that the government budget constraint holds. Does this have any effect on each consumer's decisions about how much to consume in each period and how much to save?
(c) Does Ricardian equivalence hold in this economy? Explain.
(d) Assume now that no borrowing is allowed, write down the government's budget constraint, making sure to taking account of who is able to pay taxes and who cannot pay.
(e) How does the same fiscal policy change in Part b) affect each consumer's consumption choices? Does Ricardian equivalence hold in this case? Explain.
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Step 1Given,n: The number of consumersb: Fraction of consumers who are lenders, receive an endowment of y units of the consumption good in the current                period and 0 units in the future period. 1-b: Consumers are borrowersG=G'=0t: lump-sum tax of in the current period t':  lump-sum tax in the future period.Step 2a)The Government's budget constraint is, G+G'1+r=t+t'1+rHere, G=G'=0Then, the government budget constraint is :t+t'1+r=0Step 3b)There are n consumers in the market,t increases from t to t', only the lenders will be capable of paying the taxesbn are the number of lenders,Therefore,The total tax revenue in the current period is t=nbt'Effect of tax on saving and  consumption,c + s = y - t' CONSUMPTION: c=y-t'-sSAVING: s=y-t'-c Step 4c) Ricardian Principle means that attempts to boost the economy by expanding debt-financed government expenditure will fail since investors and consumers are aware that the loan will eventually be repaid through future taxes. People will save because they expect more future taxes to be collected to pay off the debt, according to the idea, and this will counteract the increase in aggregate demand caused by greater government expenditure.Because these savings must entail a reduction in current spending, they essentially transfer the tax burden from the future to the present. In either scenario, the rise in current government expenditure and real resource consumption is matched by a comparable drop in private spending and real resource consumption. In both nominal and real terms, funding government expenditure with current taxes or deficits (and future taxes) is equal.Yes, in this case Ricardian principle will hold. Step 5Answer:a) Government budget constraint is:t+t'1+r=0b) c=y-t'-ss=y-t'-cc) Yes  ...