n Completion Status: atch each letter (A through G) to its description. $\checkmark A$ $\checkmark \mathrm{B}$ 1. Plasma membrane 2. Phosphorylated transcription 3. Lysasome Match each letter (A through G) to its description. 7. $\vee A$ B 1. $\vee \mathrm{C}$ $-\vee D$ 2. $\sim E$ 12. $\sim F$ 8. $\vee \mathrm{G}$ 11. $\vee \mathrm{H}$ 1. Plasma membrane 2. Phosphorylated transcription factor 3. Lysosome 4. Ligand 5. Mitochondria 6. Kinase domain 7. Receptor 8. DNA 9. RNA 10. Ribosome 11. Nucleus 12. Dephosphorylated transcription factor Chick Save and Submit to save and rubmit. Click Save All Answers to save all ansuers.

Life science 2 thx a lot! 1. Factors that support human migration to Mars include A. runaway climate change B. global pandemics C. possible nuclear war D. possible asteroid strikes E. all of the above 2. A key difficulty of preparing a computer system to house human brain information is trying to emulate the signaling pathways of the nervous system. true false 3. Loss of bone mass during aging leads to A. osteogenesis B. osteosarcoma C. osteoporosis D. loss of connective tissue 4. Signs and symptoms of aging can be slowed by A. eating a healthy diet B. exercising C. caloric restriction D. socialization E. all of the above 5. In order for cross-species transmission to occur A. there must be contact between the virus and host B. the infection needs to be amplified within the host C. variants need to be produced in the new host that allow for transfer to other humans D. all of the above 6. The Fermi Paradox attempts to explain the likelihood of finding intelligent life in other galaxies. true false 7. The most basic part of our brain is the part that controls our autonomic functions, referred to as the mammalian brain. true false 8. In the absence of illness, high mental competence is expected to last until approximately what age A. 80 B. 35 C. 65 D. 50 9. Aging reduces all of the following in the circulatory system except A. white blood cells B. hemoglobin C. lymphocytes 10. Progeria and Werner syndrome, which both cause premature aging, are a result of A. genetic causes B. environmental factors C. epigenetics 11. Caloric restriction, exercise, and a healthy diet A. speed up the aging process B. slow down the aging process C. have no effect on the aging process 12. If humans live on Mars, it is hypothesized that in the next 100,000 years, humans will develop A. eye-shine B. smaller nostrils C. smaller eyes

John is a final year student majoring in Biology at a State University. He was asked by his supervisor to do a tissue culture on the selected plant, where the characteristics of the plant are as follows: - Hard and woody stems - Have vascular stems (there are xylem and phloem/tracheophyta) - Trees have complete organs such as roots, stems and leaves. - tap root 1. explain in detail, what kind of explanatory source will be used / explain the explanation 2. what media is suitable for the explant / explain the explanation 3. write in detail the components of the media (macro nutrients, micro nutrients, vitamins, hormones, etc.)

In biology, the tissue is a cellular organizational level between cells and a complete organ. A tissue is an ensemble of similar cells and their extracellular matrix from the same origin that together carry out a specific function. Organs are then formed by the functional grouping together of multiple tissues. In an 800 word essay, discuss one organ of the body and the tissues that built it, what are their functions

Fragile X involves genomic imprinting.O TrueO FalseQuestion 2The alignment of the two DNA strands is known as: semiconservative antiparallel and complimentaryreplicative conservativeQuestion 3The enzyme that opens the helix in DNA replication is: Primasetopoisomerasehelicase none of the choices Is correct888

1. Give the two types of plant constituents, define and give examples. 2. Differentiate pharmaceutically active and pharmacologically active constituents and give examples. 3. Differentiate primary and secondary metabolites. Elaborate. 4. Define biogenesis. 5. Define metabolic pathways. 6. Define primary metabolism and give sample metabolites. 7. What are the metabolic processes/pathways that is involved in the degradation of carbohydrates and sugars? 8. Give the intermediates and pathways where the most important building blocks employed in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites are derived. 9. Enumerate the eight building blocks that form the basis of many of the natural product structures (carbon and nitrogen skeleton of a natural product). 10. Give the precursors of the ff: phenylpropyl unit, Indole.C2N, heterocyclic pyrrolidine (C4N), and piperidine (C5N). 11. Give the five groups of plants hormone (growth regulators), their effects in plants and effects in the formation of secondary metabolites.

Discuss the composition and importance of the following parts of Balantidium coli 1. cilia 2. macronucleus 3. micronucleus 4. cell membranes

Describe the “French flag” model of pattern formation Explain how Sonic hedgehog induces different cell types during the development of the ventral neural tube

Activity 2 - You are an exotic animal vet. Your favorite patient, the banded sea krait, is back! You decide to collect venom from the krait and you isolate alpha-bungarotoxin (a nicotinic ACh receptor antagonist). a) If you applied alpha-bungarotoxin directly to the sympathetic ganglia of autonomic nerves leading to the heart, what would happen to MAP? Explain your answer. b) If you applied alpha-bungarotoxin directly to the heart itself, what would happen to MAP? Explain.

during which growth phase can the generation time of bacteria be determined? A. the log phase B. the stationary phase C. the lag phase D. the death phase

7.6 Digging Deeper: Conceptual Learning Activity The temperature at which the blue enzyme works best is the temperature at which the orange enzyme works best. At its optimal temperature, the enzyme is more active. However, the enzyme works over a broader range of temperatures. At temperatures below $25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$, the decrease in activity of the blue enzyme is due to molecules.

Most likely, the five resulting populations will differ quite dramatically. This is because natural disasters are not selective—they kill and spare individuals at random. Now think about how this might affect a real population. What happens when a hurricane hits the Mississippi Gulf Coast--how might the seabirds that live on the beach fare?

16. Lila Brown is placed in a nursing home for which she receives Medicaid benefits. The Browns live in a state where the monthly maintenance needs allowance for the at-home spouse is $\mathbf{\$ 2 , 5 0 0}$. Tom Brown's monthly income from a combination of pension and Social Security is $\$ 2,300$. Lila's personal income consists of $\$ 1,200$ in Social Security. How much of Tom's current income must go toward paying for his wife's long-term medical care? a. $\$ 0$ b. $\$ 300$ c. $\$ 1,600$ d. $\$ 2,000$

Consider a cross between female flies homozygous for brown bodies and red eyes and male flies homozygous for ebony bodies and sepia eyes. Give the genotypes and the possible gamétes of each set of parents. Q6.1 Female genotype: Your answer Q6.2 Female gametes possible: Your answer Q6.3 Male genotype: Your answer Q6.4 Male gametes possible: Your answer

I need help with creating a dichotomous key using at least 10 different characteristics for next organisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Streptococcus agalacticae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus bovis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Enterococcus, S. viridans

Mass spectrometry-based sequencing of a peptide results in peaks of the fragments, with the following masses in Da: 862.3796, 765.3269, 628.2679, 465.2046, 318.1362, 231.1042, 128.095. Given the following masses of amino acids, what is the identity of the 4th amino acid (reading from N-terminal to C-terminal)?Mass spectrometry-based sequencing of a peptide results in peaks of the fragments, with the following masses in Da: 862.3796, 765.3269, 628.2679, 465.2046, 318.1362, 231.1042, 128.095. Given the following masses of amino acids, what is the identity of the 4th amino acid (reading from $\mathrm{N}$-terminal to $\mathrm{C}$-terminal)? $\begin{array}{lllcll}\text { G } & 57.02147 & \text { I } & 113.0841 & \text { M } & 131.0405 \\ \text { A } & 71.03712 & \text { L } & 113.0841 & \text { H } & 137.0589 \\ \text { S } & 87.03203 & \text { N } & 114.0429 & \text { F } & 147.0684 \\ \text { P } & 97.05277 & \text { D } & 115.027 & \text { R } & 156.1011 \\ \text { V } & 99.06842 & \text { Q } & 128.0586 & \text { Y } & 163.0633 \\ \text { T } & 101.0477 & \text { K } & 128.095 & \text { W } & 186.0793 \\ \text { C } & 103.0092 & \text { E } & 129.0426 & & \end{array}$ A) Phe B) $\mathrm{Tyr}$ C) $\mathrm{Ser}$

Question 2 (10 points). The ability to roll one's tongue is often thought of as a trait that can be inherited from parents. Let $M R, F R$, and $C R$ represent the random variables that the mother, father, and child can roll their tongues respectively. Let $M G, F G$, and $C G$ represent the random variables of mother gene, father gene, and child gene respectively. All the variables can take on either one of two possible Boolean outcomes: $t$ and $f$ for true and false. It is a usually considered that genes can cause the person to roll their tongue. We model the possible relationships between the variables using 3 different Bayesian networks as shown below. (i) (ii) (iii) (a) Which of the three networks claim that $P(M G, F G, C G)=P(M G) P(F G) P(C G)$ ? Explain your answer. (2 points) (b) Consider following hypothesis for the inheritance of tongue rolling: "Tongue rolling is caused by the gene, which the child inherits from his/her parents". We assume that this inheritance of genes is the only way that the parents can influence the presence of the trait in the child. Which of the three networks make independence claims that are consistent with the hypothesis? Explain your answer. Your answer may contain zero, one, or more than one network. (4 points)

Your task: Classify the following concepts whether as a sign or symptom, and why? 1 - Fever 2 - Rash 3 - Lower Right Quadrant Abdominal Pain 4- Blood in sputum 5- Wrist joint swelling Explain your answers in 2-3 sentences only per item. Do not forget to indicate your Name, Year and Section.

Referring to the images, indicate the results & interpretation: 3. gram stained smear of sputum: to reject sputum or accept, why 4. gram stained smear of a positive blood culture, from 3 sets, what to report and is it a critical value? 5. Acid fast stain from breast abscess in 10 fields under OIO

Mendelian Genetics - X-Linked Fruit Fly Cross In your own words, write the hypothesis, strategy, method, apply what you've learned, and conclusion. Also, turn into a lab notebook if able to Info from lab: MENDELIAN GENETICS • X-LINKED FRUIT FLY CROSS Phase 1: Ratio prediction In Lab Data, record expected phenotypic ratio of XRXr female and XRY male flies cross Phase 2: Week 1 Wet swab with fly anesthetic and place in male fly ( XRY ) vial Wet another swab with fly anesthetic and place in female fly ( XRXr ) vial After 5 minutes, discard swabs from both vials Pour anesthetized male and female flies into vial ( XRY x XRXr ) Click button to incubate for 1 week Phase 3: Week 2 Wet swab with fly anesthetic and place in offspring vial ( XRY x XRXr ) for 5 minutes. Discard swab Pour anesthetized flies from vial ( XRY x XRXr ) into fly morgue Click button to incubate for 1 week Phase 4: Week 3 Wet swab with fly anesthetic and place in offspring vial ( XRY x XRXr ) for 5 minutes. Discard swab Move paper card to lab bench Pour anesthetized flies from vial ( XRY x XRXr ) onto paper card Use magnifying glass to zoom in on flies Separate and count number of male and female flies with red and white eyes. Click Verify. Record in Lab Data Phase 5: Lab wrap up Determine the closest phenotypic ratio of fly offspring based on observation. Record in Lab Data Select your answer to the question Phase 6: Save Lab Data Relevant Lab Data is available to be saved for personal reference. Data will be available if you return to this laboratory simulation MENDELIAN GENETICS $\cdot X$-LINKED FRUIT FLY CROSS INTRODUCTION LABORATORY SIMULATION (C) Key Concepts Genetic traits are inherited in specific predictable patterns. Through observation of phenotype in offspring, you can determine if the observed and predicted inheritance patterns match. When genes are located on the $\mathrm{X}$ chromosome, the genes are considered $\mathrm{X}$-linked. Overview In this simulation, you will: - Predict the phenotypic ratio of an X-linked cross in fruit flies. - Cross fruit flies heterozygous for eye color trait located on the $X$ chromosome. ( $X^{R} X^{r}$ female and $X^{R} Y$ male flies cross) - Determine the phenotypic ratios of offspring. - Compare predicted and observed ratios to determine if they match. Before you begin The gene for eye color is located on the X chromosome; therefore, it is considered Xlinked. Red eye color is wild type and dominant ( $R$ ) to white eye color ( $r)$. Flies with red (wild type) and white eye color It is imnortant to he familiar with an X-linked Punnett sauare. View the followinc slide. CONTINUE TO: Laboratory Simulation MENDELIAN GENETICS $\cdot$ X-LINKED FRUIT FLY CROSS INTRODUCTION LABORATORY SIMULATION Phase Resets Phase 1: 0 Phase 2: 0 Phase 3: 0 Phase 4: 0 Phase 5: 0 Phase 6: 0 Popup Questions Match the genotype with the correct phenotype. Incorrect Attempts: 0 Why were the adult flies in the $X^{R} Y \times X^{R} X^{r}$ vial incubated for 1 week? Incorrect Attempts: 0 Why were the adult flies in the $X^{R} Y \times X^{R} X^{r}$ vial removed? Incorrect Attempts: 2 Summary Question: Based upon your observation of fly offspring phenotypes, did the predicted and observed genetic inheritance patterns align? Yes: undefined No : undefined Collected Lab Data

Explain the molecular mechanisms of the disease Beta-thalassemia associated?

Last paragraphs of chapter 2 The empirical grounds of Cuvier’s theory have, by now, largely been disproved. The physical evidence that convinced him of a “revolution” just prior to recorded history (and that the English interpreted as proof of the Deluge) was, in reality, debris left behind by the last glaciation. The stratigraphy of the Paris basin reflects not sudden “irruptions” of water but rather gradual changes in sea level and the effects of plate tectonics. On all these matters Cuvier was, we now know, wrong. At the same time, some of Cuvier’s most wild-sounding claims have turned out to be surprisingly accurate. Life on earth has been disturbed by “terrible events,” and “organisms without number” have been their victims. Such events cannot be explained by the forces, or “agents,” at work in the present. Nature does, on occasion, “change course,” and at such moments, it is as if the “thread of operations” has been broken. Meanwhile, as far as the American mastodon is concerned, Cuvier was to an almost uncanny extent correct. He decided that the beast had been wiped out five or six thousand years ago, in the same “revolution” that had killed off the mammoth and the Megatherium. In fact, the American mastodon vanished around thirteen thousand years ago. Its demise was part of a wave of disappearances that has come to be known as the megafauna extinction. This wave coincided with the spread of modern humans and, increasingly, is understood to have been a result of it. In this sense, the crisis Cuvier discerned just beyond the edge of recorded history was us. In the last paragraph of chapter 2,( Elizabeth Kohlbert says that the paleontologist was right - that there was a great event just before recorded time. What caused this great event? (Type on word in the blank - the one thing that caused the event. Spell the word correctly!)

CASE STUDY #1: You are working with an amateur bodybuilder who is 12 months out from a bodybuilding competition. Design a year-long periodized training program for the athlete with the objective of optimizing the client’s physique at the time of the competition. The training program should include the following: A list of assessments to be performed at the onset of the training program A warm up and cool down for each training day A detailed year-long periodized training program including specific exercises, sets, repetitions, suggested rest times, etc. The program should include a Foundational Training phase, a Hypertrophy phase, and a Cutting phase. An explanation as to why you made your recommendations for each phase of training. Nutrition and supplement recommendations to support the bodybuilder during each phase of training.

1. What is meant by 'NK killing activity is thought to be regulated by "missing self" and "induced self"'? Please explain. 2. How are NKT cells positively selected during thymic development? Explain. 3. Name four different cell types that work together to maintain immune homeostasis in the gut? Briefly explain the function of each cell type. Please include one or two examples of epithelial cells, innate immune cells, lymphocytes.

Comparison (like a venn diagram) 1. What are hemichordates? Describe their relationship with chordates. 2. How are hagfishes different from lampreys? Enumeration and Describe 3. Enumerate the different kinds of fish scales and briefly describe each. 4. Describe the different types of bird feathers. 5. Enumerate and differentiate the different kinds of mammalian horns.

PLEASE ANSWER ALL WITH PUNNET SQUARES. I WILL DEFINITELY GIVE YOU A BIG THUMBS UP!!! 20. In humans, hair color is controlled by two interacting genes. The same pigment, melanin, is present in both brown-haired and blond-haired people, but brown hair has much more of it. Brown hair (B) is dominant to blond hair (b). Whether any melanin can be synthesized depends on another gene. The dominant form (M) allows melanin synthesis; the recessive form (m) prevents melanin synthesis. Homozygous recessive (mm) are albino, regardless of whether they have brown or blonde alleles. What will be the expected proportions of phenotypes in the children of the following parents? SHOW WORK FOR CREDIT, INCLUDING PUNNETT SQUARES! a. BBMM x BbMm b. BbMm x BbMm c. BbMm x bbmm 21. In humans, one of the genes determining color vision is located on the X chromosome. The dominant form (C) produces normal color vision; red-green color blindness (c) is recessive. If a man with normal color vision marries a color-blind woman, what is the probability of their having a color-blind son? A color-blind daughter? SHOW WORK!! 22. In the couple described in the last problem, the woman gives birth to a color-blind but otherwise normal daughter. The husband sues for a divorce on the grounds of adultery. Will his case stand up in court? Explain. SHOW WORK FOR CREDIT This next problem contains a sex-linked trait and a non sex-linked trait. 23. In humans, brachydactylism is the result of a dominant allele. Individuals that suffer from this trait have very short fingers. Defective dentine is also the result of a dominant allele but it is carried on the X chromosome. The allele causes the teeth to wear down rapidly and usually only stubs remain by adolescence. Assume a female who has brachydactylism and defective dentine (she is heterozygous for both traits) mates with a male who has normal fingers and teeth. SHOW WORK! a. What is the genotype of the female? ______________ b. What is the genotype of the male? _______________ c. What kind of gametes can the female produce? __________________ d. What kind of gametes can the male produce? __________________ e. What is the probability that a son from these parents will have both brachydactylism and defective dentine? SHOW ALL WORK INCLUDING PUNNETT SQUARE! f. What is the probability that a daughter will have both defects?

Relating to the different carbon pools of the carbon cycle, explain how fossil fuel burning has lead to increased carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere.

The global heat budget and the spherical shape of the Earth are the driving force for weather on the planet. Briefly explain why.

Read each question carefully. Write your response in the space provided for each part of each question. Answers must be written out in paragraph form. Outlines, bulleted lists, or diagrams alone are not acceptable and will not be scored. Scientists used cells called fibroblasts to study factors that cause nondividing cells in the G0 stage of the cell cycle to reenter the cell cycle and undergo mitosis. In a laboratory, fibroblasts typically grow and divide when they are cultured in a growth medium that contains 10% serum (the liquid part of blood that remains after blood clots). If fibroblasts are cultured for 48 hours in the absence of serum (serum-starvation), they stop dividing and enter the G0 stage of the cell cycle. The scientists divided serum-starved fibroblasts into groups to which they added no serum, 10% serum, or 0.1% serum. Each of the groups with 0.1% serum was also treated to block the production of only one or combinations of four proteins (p16, p18, p21, and p27) that are inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases. The scientists grew the fibroblasts for 48 hours and then measured the amount of DNA replication taking place to determine whether the cells had reentered the cell cycle. The scientists compared each group of cells to the group cultured with 10% serum and plotted the data (Figure 1). DNADNA+− (a) Based on the data for the groups of cells cultured with 0.1% serum (groups 3 to 7), identify which of the four proteins tested do(does) not appear to play a role in blocking cell cycle entry by fibroblasts. Question 2 (b) Based on the data for the groups of cells cultured with 0.1% serum (groups 3 to 7), identify the groups(s) most likely to include cells undergoing mitosis. Question 3 (c) Neurons (nerve cells) of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) are in G0 of the cell cycle and generally do not divide in response to an injury. The scientists predict that they can use the data from this experiment to help them treat individuals who suffer from spinal cord injuries. Provide reasoning to support the scientists’ prediction. Question 4 (d) Interactions between cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases control the cell cycle. Explain how the presence or absence of inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases might play a role in normal cells becoming cancer cells.

In plants, genes involved in chlorophyll synthesis are located in both the nucleus and chloroplasts. Some variegated plants (with both green and white leaves and shoots) have mutations that prevent them from synthesizing chlorophyll throughout their leaves. In an effort to understand the genetics underlying chlorophyll synthesis, scientists performed the crosses shown in Figure 1. Figure 1. Crosses of flowers on a variegated plant and the resulting progeny (a) Describe how genetic information is carried in chloroplasts and mitochondria. (b) Explain how the inheritance pattern shown in Figure 1 supports a role for chloroplast genes in the production of chlorophyll in the variegated plants. (c) Ovules produced by an entirely green plant contain a rare mutation in a nuclear gene that is involved in chlorophyll synthesis, and the gene encodes a nonfunctional protein. Predict the most likely color of the leaves on plants that are produced when these ovules are fertilized by pollen from a wild-type green plant. (d) Provide reasoning to justify your prediction.